Q1. What are some major risk factors of coronary disease that cannot be changed?

A1. Aging is the primary risk factor. More than 83 percent of people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 or older. Additionally, men have a greater risk of heart attack than women do, and they have heart attacks earlier in life. Finally, the children of parents with heart disease are more likely to develop it themselves.

Q2. What are the major risk factors that you can modify, treat or control by changing your lifestyle or taking medicine?

A2. According to the American Heart Association, some risk factors you can control include quitting smoking; getting screenings and necessary treatment for diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol; overcoming physical inactivity, obesity and overweight; managing stress; and reducing or eliminating alcohol use.

Q3. What are the warning signs of a heart attack?

A3. Warning signs for women can be different than those for men, but some general symptoms include chest discomfort or pain, discomfort in other areas of the upper body, and shortness of breath. Other signs may include breaking out in a cold sweat, nausea or lightheadedness. Women are somewhat more likely than men to experience shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting, and back or jaw pain.

Q4. What kinds of costs are associated with heart disease and stroke?

A4. A recent report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services states that the cost of heart disease and stroke in the U.S. is projected to exceed $394 billion: $242 billion for health care expenditures and $152 billion for lost productivity from death and disability.

Q5. What causes coronary disease?

A5. Coronary disease is caused by a thickening of the inside walls of the coronary arteries. This thickening, called atherosclerosis, narrows the space through which blood can flow, decreasing and sometimes completely cutting off the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart.

Q6. How do I lower my children's chances for coronary disease?

A6. Helping your child develop healthy habits early in life will bring lifelong benefits. As you learn practical tips on helping your kids eat nutritious meals and enjoy a physically active lifestyle, apply these same behaviors to your own life. The best way to lead your child to a healthy lifestyle is to set a positive example yourself.

Q7. How do I assess my risk factors for coronary disease?

A7. Take a health assessment - As part of your UPS-sponsored health plan benefits, UPSer’s and their spouses covered by the flexible benefits plan can take a health assessment that offers an in-depth assessment of your lifestyle and factors that impact your health status.

Sources: Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease, American Heart Association, 2004; Coronary Heart Disease Facts, National Institutes of Health